Central Auditory Processing Disorders (CAPD)
Counselors, mental health professionals and schools most frequently attribute these behaviors to depression, anxiety, attention deficits or an oppositional and defiant disorder. That’s all fine, but the problem may not stop there and the solution may be far from clear. A diagnosis can tell you what type of problem your child may have, but it can tell you very little about the cause or what to do about it. There are many possible reasons, but one reason that some children act this way is called a central auditory processing disorder (CAPD). A central auditory processing disorder is an inability or limited ability to pay attention, recognize, tell the difference, remember or comprehend auditory information. A person with CAPD can have normal intelligence and hearing. Children with normal auditory processing skills are able to understand speech in a wide variety of listening conditions. Symptoms of CAPD include but are not limited to,
How Does CAPD Affect Children? We live in a world where children are expected to participate in family life, attend school and socialize with other children and adults. We hope that our children will participate and contribute productively in family life. We expect them to attend school, complete their homework and become involved in community and school activities. All this becomes difficult for children with CAPD. Children with CAPD don’t recognize they have a problem with auditory processing. Children with CAPD do not understand what is being said as well as they should. They don’t learn as well as other kids – especially in large noisy classrooms and homes. They may understand only portions of what is said. They act like they understand but they really become lost when more than one person is talking, there is background noise and people are speaking rapidly with incomplete sentences. Fear and anger during a conversation can make understanding even more difficult. Nearly all these kids lose confidence and end up feeling insecure. Rather than get real help, they repeatedly encounter moments of despair. They feel incapable and unable to change for the better. Some may become isolated, withdrawn and depressed. Others become bored and restless. They can look like they aren’t paying attention or they don’t follow instructions. Rather than feel incompetent and bored, many will become disruptive, risk takers or thrill seekers. A large number will become cynical, argumentative and even aggressive when challenged. How Common is CAPD? What disturbs me the most about these disorders is how often CADP is not identified. Drug companies are quick to encourage parents to treat symptoms (anger, depression, anxiety, attention deficits) with drugs. They ignore dealing with the cause. Family counseling and parent education can help, but it takes time. Very few counselors and teachers have even heard of CAPD. Researchers cannot agree on the number of children affected by this disorder. Many teachers, special education professionals and school psychologists have never heard of it. But the disorder may be as common as reading disorders – referred to as dyslexia. In my practice I have identified 3 out of 20 troubled adolescents with undiagnosed CAPD. Another couldn’t hear well enough to avoid misunderstandings. Partial deafness and auditory processing problems may be more common than we think. What Causes CAPD? CAPD is a neurological problem that may be inherited or caused by a birth defect or injury. There appears to be a link between CAPD and ear infections during infancy. But that link is not entirely clear. We know that ear infections don’t cause CAPD in all children. There may be other contributing factors involved that we don’t understand yet. Does My Child Have CAPD? The diagnosis of CAPD normally involves consultation with a psychologist, an audiologist and a specialist in learning disabilities. A cooperative team approach is best. Screening for CAPD with young children is more complicated and difficult than the evaluation of adolescents and adults. In all cases, a thorough hearing examination is necessary. Standard hearing screenings conducted by public schools are not adequate for a diagnosis of CAPD. I have encountered adolescents who passed a school hearing exam but were later found to be partially deaf. Keep in mind that school based hearing exams are very important. They are screenings and a very important part of your child's education. A screening for CAPD is a specialized activity over and above what schools should be doing. Evaluations of CAPD can be reliably conducted on children who are 8 years and older. Is There Treatment or a Cure? You may encounter resistance or difficulty trying to get an evaluation for CAPD. Very few professionals understand the disorder, the impact, evaluation procedures and treatment. CAPD is far more common than there are people who are qualified to diagnose and treat. Many professionals mistakenly believe that nothing can be done. There is no cure for CAPD, but there are skills, exercises and structures in a home and school that can minimize the impact. This can help tremendously in a child’s education and socialization. I have found that children with CAPD benefit a great deal when they realize that they are not "stupid" and that there are techniques that will help them to feel more confident and successful. Learning to live with CAPD effectively is better than allowing a child to become anxious, depressed and oppositional or blaming the world and giving up. Dr. Conner is a clinical, medical and family psychologist who completed a research and training fellowship in graduate medical education and health education. He provides training, evaluation and intervention services for adults, families and youth. He is Board Certified in Traumatic Stress, Emergency Crisis Intervention and Emergency School Response.. This article is also available at www.CrisisCounseling.Com. Dr. Conner’s practice is located in Bend Oregon and he can be reached at 541 388-5660 or or www.Education-Options.Com Copyright 2001 to 2010, Michael G. Conner |